Tag Archives: masculinity

Extra Fancy’s visceral queercore as discursive space

In 1996, Atlantic Records released—and almost immediately abandoned—a queercore album that boldly asserted a fiercely aggressive, macho gay male identity. Extra Fancy’s Sinnerman tackled themes such as sadomasochism, violent retaliation against gay-bashing, and life with HIV, all filtered through a punk-driven sonic intensity that matched the raw aggression of its lyrics. Although the band’s work was overtly queer in content, only lead singer Brian Grillo was openly gay. Grillo’s commanding physicality, including his muscular frame, butch attire, shaved head, and confrontational stage presence, projected a radical gay male persona steeped in anger and defiance. His gravelly vocal delivery evoked the hardcore and alternative masculinity of Henry Rollins, Kurt Cobain, and Eddie Vedder–as he performed shirtless, pounding a fifty-gallon oil drum, owning the stage with visceral bravado. Nearly a decade later, Extra Fancy received near-iconic status in David Ciminelli and Ken Knox’s book Homocore: The loud and raucous rise of queer rock, even as the authors noted that Grillo “never had a desire to be anything other than a performer who rocked—regardless of his sexual orientation”.

Brian Grillo poses with an oil drum.
Extra Fancy poses with fans. Photo: Extra Fancy Facebook page.

The surge of gay and lesbian visibility in 1990s popular culture revealed the limited discursive space within which queer identity was permitted to exist in mainstream U.S. society–a homonormative framework that Extra Fancy vehemently resisted. Brian Grillo’s representation of gay male identity served as a radical rejection of this structure. The band’s title track, Sinnerman, is a reinterpretation of the traditional gospel song Sinner man, originally recorded by The Weavers in the late 1950s and later popularized by Nina Simone’s iconic 1960s rendition. Once emblematic of the liberationist Christian ethos that fueled the civil rights movement, the song was repurposed by Extra Fancy to subvert more dogmatic religious narratives and to spotlight systemic inequality through a distinctly queer lens.

Sinnerman cover art.

The “queer” in queercore signals identities that exist outside rigid heteronormative constructs, yet it does not imply a unified or cohesive community. As Jack Halberstam notes, “In mainstream gay, lesbian, and trans communities in the United States, battles rage about what group occupies the more transgressive or aggrieved position.” Queercore music often seeks to challenge binary understandings of gender and sexuality; however, the multiplicity of identities encompassed by the term makes it difficult–if not impossible–for any band or collective to serve as a definitive representative. This complexity is reflected in the musical output of the most celebrated queercore acts, whose styles are as varied as the identities they seek to express.

This according to “The erotics of an oil drum: Queercore, gay macho, and the defiant sexuality of Extra Fancy’s Sinnerman” by Kevin Schwandt (Women & music: A journal of gender and culture 13 [2009] 76–87; RILM Abstracts of Music Literature, 2009-13027).

Related Bibliolore posts:

https://bibliolore.org/2018/05/17/queercore-and-all-girl-bands/

https://bibliolore.org/2021/12/23/queer-musicology-an-annotated-bibliography/

https://bibliolore.org/2023/06/26/drag-lip-syncing-and-haptic-aurality/

https://bibliolore.org/2020/02/27/queering-bruce-springsteen/

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Filed under Gender and sexuality, Performers, Politics, Popular music, Voice

Makmende, the Kenyan global pop icon superhero

The video for the song Ha-he by the Kenyan experimental pop music group Just a Band features a character named Makmende Amerudi as its protagonist. Within a week of its release on YouTube, Ha-he received nearly 25,000 views and fans began creating their own original Makmende tales, videos, and artwork, leading global media outlets to label Makmende “Kenya’s first viral internet sensation”. Using a contemporary style of hand-held camerawork and shallow depth of field, the video’s graphics, characters, and storylines are reminiscent of 1970s blaxploitation films. As the mysterious tough-guy protagonist, Makmende appears more comfortable sneering than smiling, and like other blaxploitation characters, he sports an Afro hairstyle, open dress shirt exposing his chest, disco-style pants, and dark aviator sunglasses. Other male characters in the video are similarly dressed, while the only female (the damsel in distress) wears a natural short hairstyle, large hoop earrings, a headscarf, and tight pants, reminiscent of blaxploitation icon Pam Grier. Multiple camera angles in the video are reminiscent of the “bullet time” visual effect in The Matrix, and near the end of the video, Makmende ties a red necktie around his head, drawing parallels to Japanese samurai and cult vigilante Rambo.

As technological innovators, young, urban Kenyans seized the moment to reappropriate outdated stereotypes of weakness into aspirations of strength as they projected Kenya into a global online conversation. Through this meme, Makmende became more than a fictional superhero; he represented Kenya’s present and future. While some have considered Makmende as an example of a transnational cultural flow originating in the Global South, this meme, in its cultural and social context, can also be attributed to how and why Kenyans used Makmende to represent themselves. While many video memes are rooted in imitation and parody, the participatory playfulness surrounding Makmende created a “meme of aspiration” through which certain Kenyans collectively reimagined a hypermasculine hero who could lead the nation toward political and economic stability at home and cultural and technological prominence abroad.

Read more in “Makmende Amerudi: Kenya’s collective reimagining as a meme of aspiration” by Brian Ekdale and Melissa Tully (Critical studies in media communication 31/4 [2014], 283–298).

Watch Makmende in action in the video for Just a Band’s Ha-he below.

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