Tag Archives: bibliographic resources

Modernizing RILM’s database infrastructure in the 1990s

The mid-1990s marked a pivotal period of growth and technological transformation for RILM. As the organization continued to expand its coverage of global music scholarship, it also undertook significant efforts to modernize the systems that supported its work. In 1996, with more than 4,700 records already entered into RILM’s database that year, thousands of additional records submitted by national and regional committees were waiting to be processed. Faced with this growing volume of bibliographic data, RILM set an ambitious goal: to produce volume 30 within just ten months while simultaneously transitioning to a new database infrastructure.

Central to this transformation was the development of a new in-house database system based on Paradox 8 for Windows 95, a powerful relational database management platform that allowed users to construct, manage, and query complex datasets with relative ease. Designed to streamline the management of bibliographic records, the new platform promised substantial improvements in processing, editing, and indexing workflows. The system represented a major step forward from previous methods, enabling staff to handle increasing numbers of records with greater efficiency and accuracy. The project was led by RILM’s database designer, Paul D. Petersen, who had developed a basic version of the system that was ready for beta testing as work on volume 30 began. The volume would become the first to be produced using the new database, serving as both a milestone and a proof of concept for the upgraded technology.

An acoustic modem, which transmits and receives data by converting digital signals into sound waves and vice versa, was at one time regularly used in the RILM office.

Volume 31, published in 2000, became the first RILM volume produced entirely in the organization’s new office using a newly implemented Paradox 9 database system running over CUNY’s new NT network. Despite delays, the accomplishment demonstrated not only the success of the technological transition but also RILM’s commitment to adapting its operations to the evolving demands of scholarly communication. The adoption of the Paradox-based system showed how technological innovation played a crucial role in supporting RILM’s mission. By investing in more effective tools for managing bibliographic information, the organization strengthened its ability to document and disseminate music research from around the world.

RILM’S founder Barry S. Brook (in glasses, red shirt, dark jacket) visits with the editorial team in 1992.

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MGG Online: RILM as a service provider

MGG Online is a leading digital encyclopedia for music scholarship, widely used by researchers worldwide. The platform provides advanced search functionality and research tools while delivering newly authored and substantially revised content, supported by continuous updates, revisions, and additions. Its scope encompasses a broad range of topics across all areas of music, as well as related disciplines including literature, philosophy, and the visual arts. Among its key features are a traceable browsing history that enables users to revisit previously consulted materials; sortable lists of works, bibliographies, discographies, and other reference data; and the ability to switch seamlessly between current and earlier versions of individual articles. MGG Online also offers a bilingual English/German interface, with integrated Google Translate enabling immediate translation from German into more than 100 languages. In addition, the platform supports individual user accounts that allow annotations to be created, saved, and shared, and it provides links to related resources, including RILM Abstracts of Music Literature and other scholarly databases.

Building on the second edition of Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, a reference work that has supported music scholarship since 1949, MGG Online was developed by Bärenreiter and J.B. Metzler in partnership with RILM. Conceived in response to the conditions of the digital revolution and the emergence of a digital scholarly environment, MGG Online was envisioned as a new and revised edition of the second MGG. Unlike a traditional print edition produced at a single moment in time, the project has been developed incrementally, evolving continuously as new material is added and existing content is revised. As a digital lexicon, MGG Online constitutes a living scholarly resource that undergoes ongoing expansion, revision, and renewal.

The original encyclopedia sought to provide a synoptic presentation of knowledge that would, in turn, stimulate the generation of further knowledge. MGG Online remains committed to these principles, producing scholarship that adheres to the highest editorial standards and presents information in a transparent and accessible manner. In this respect, the project is best understood as a work in progress. RILM’s role in the partnership establishes a direct connection to rigorously structured research tools and bibliographic resources. Articles undergo review by multiple subject specialists and are subject to extensive editorial revision and repeated amendment, ensuring their scholarly reliability and quality.

In this context, MGG Online exists in a dynamic tension between continual modification and stable archival structures. Although the digital encyclopedia can respond quickly to developments in scholarship and the broader global cultural landscape, revisions are undertaken with careful deliberation rather than haste, thereby avoiding the ephemerality that characterized many early forms of Internet-based knowledge dissemination.

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